The history and memory of foresight
This page presents a selection of fundamental works on foresight written since the 1950s.
We have organised this list into three main sections: a selection of resources which, in addition to the Futuribles website, provide a quick introduction to what foresight is today (principles, methods); works which have marked the history of the discipline; and a broader bibliography. These three entries may overlap.
This list is not an exhaustive bibliography on foresight, but a selection which is therefore somewhat arbitrary. Please do not hesitate to let us know of any gaps that you feel are important.
A short selection of useful resources for practising foresight
Commission européenne, direction générale Recherche et Innovation, Brandes Felix, Keenan Michael, Butter Maurits, Monitoring Foresight Activities in Europe and the Rest of the World: Final Report, Luxemburg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2009. URL: https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/47260. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Durance Philippe (ed.), La Prospective stratégique en action. Bilan et perspectives d’une indiscipline intellectuelle, Paris: Odile Jacob, 2014, 397 p.
Futuribles International, Foresight and Prospective Toolbox, regular releases since 2017. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-prospective/methodes-et-outils/la-toolbox/. Accessed September 16, 2022.
GCPSE (Global Centre for Public Service Excellence), Foresight Manual: Empowered Futures for the 2030 Agenda, Singapore: GCPSE / UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 2018. URL: https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/UNDP_ForesightManual_2018.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Godet Michel, Manuel de prospective stratégique, 3rd edition, 2 volumes: 1. « Une indiscipline intellectuelle »; 2. « L’art et la méthode », Paris: Dunod, 1997, republished and expanded in 2007. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/manuel-de-prospective-strategique-tome-1-une-indis/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Godet Michel and Durance Philippe, La Prospective stratégique. Pour les entreprises et les territoires, 2nd edition, Paris: Dunod, 2011, 214 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-prospective-strategique-pour-les-entreprises-et-les-territoires/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Horizons de politiques Canada, Manuel de formation de prospective, Horizons de politiques Canada, 2019. URL: https://horizons.gc.ca/fr/ressources/. Accessed April 19, 2023.
Inayatullah Sohail and Milojević Ivana, CLA 2.0: Transformative Research in Theory and Practice, Tamsui, Taiwan: Tamkang University Press, 2015.
Jouvenel Hugues (de), Invitation à la prospective/An invitation to Foresight, Paris: Futuribles (Perspectives series), 2004, 85 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/invitation-a-la-prospective/. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Masson Anthony, Minvielle Nicolas and Wathelet Olivier, Jouer avec les futurs. Utiliser le design fiction pour faire pivoter votre entreprise, London: Pearson Education, 2016, 249 p.
Miller Riel, Transforming the Future: Anticipation in the 21st Century, Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2018, 276 p.
Slaughter Richard A. and Hines Andy (ed.), The Knowledge Base of Futures Studies 2020, Washington, D.C./Brisbane: Association of Professional Futurists/Foresight International, 2020, 508 p.
Wilkinson Angela, Strategic Foresight Primer, Brussels: European Political Strategy Centre, November 2017. URL: https://cor.europa.eu/Documents/Migrated/Events/EPSC_strategic_foresight_primer.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Important historical and conceptual works on foresight
Armand Louis and Drancourt Michel, Plaidoyer pour l’avenir, Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1961.
Barel Yves, Prospective et analyse de systèmes, Paris: La documentation Française (Travaux et recherches de prospective Series, no. 14), 1971, 174 p. URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/trp/prospective-et-analyse-systeme-trp-14-barel-1971.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Bell Wendell, Foundations of Futures Studies: Human Science for a New Era: History, Purposes, and Knowledge, Volumes I and II, Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction, 1996.
Berger Gaston, Étapes de la prospective, Paris: PUF, 1967, 343 p., URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/texte_fondamentaux/cahier_prospective/cahier-3-les-etapes-de-la-prospective.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Bishop Peter and Hines Andy, Thinking about the Future: Guidelines for Strategic Foresight, ed. Social Technologies, 2007, 377 p.
Cahen Philippe, Signaux faibles. Mode d’emploi, Paris: éd. d’Organisation (Prospective Series), 2010, 164 p.
Cazes Bernard, Histoire des futurs. Les figures de l’avenir de saint Augustin au XXIe siècle, Paris: L’Harmattan (Prospective Series), 2008.
CGP (Commissariat général du Plan), Réflexions pour 1985, Paris: CGP, 1964. URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/texte_fondamentaux/reflexions-pour-1985-cgp-1964.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Coates Joseph and Jarratt Jennifer, What Futurists Believe, Bethesda, Maryland: World Future Society, 1987, 335 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/what-futurists-believe-2/. Accessed May 4, 2022.
Cornish Edward, The Study of the Future: An Introduction to the Art and Science of Understanding and Shaping Tomorrow’s World, New York: Routledge, 1977, 308 p.
Cornish Edward, Futuring: The Exploration of the Future, Bethesda, Maryland: World Future Society, 2004, 313 p.
Courson Jacques (de), La Prospective des territoires. Concepts, méthodes, résultats, Lyon: Certu, 1999, 124 p.
Crozier Michel and Friedberg Erhard, L’Acteur et le système. Les contraintes de l’action collective, Paris: Seuil, 1977, 436 p. (English translation: Actors and Systems: The Politics of Collective Action, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980).
DATAR (Délégation à l’aménagement du territoire et à l’action régionale), La Méthode des scénarios. Une réflexion sur la démarche et la théorie de la prospective, Paris: La documentation Française (Travaux et recherches de prospective Series, no. 59), juin 1975, 133 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-methode-des-scenarios-une-reflexion-sur-la-dema/. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Dator Jim, A Noticer in Time: Selected Book 1967-2018, New York: Springer, 2019, 473 p.
Durance Philippe (ed.), La Prospective stratégique en action. Bilan et perspectives d’une indiscipline intellectuelle, Paris: Odile Jacob, 2014.
Gabilliet Philippe, Savoir anticiper. Les outils pour maîtrise son futur, Paris: ESF ed. (Formation permanente Series), 1999.
Gaudin Thierry (ed.), 2100, récit du prochain siècle, Paris: Payot, 1993.
Georghiou Luke, Cassingena Harper Jennifer, Keenan Michael, Miles Ian and Popper Rafael, The Handbook of Technology Foresight: Concepts and Practices, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2008.
Giget Marc, La Dynamique stratégique de l’entreprise, Paris: Dunod, 1998, 346 p.
Godet Michel, Manuel de prospective stratégique, 3rd edition, 2 volumes: 1. « Une indiscipline intellectuelle »; 2. « L’art et la méthode », Paris: Dunod, 1997, republished and expanded in 2007. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/manuel-de-prospective-strategique-tome-1-une-indis/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Hetman François, Le Langage de la prévision/The Language of Forecasting, Paris: Futuribles / SÉDÉIS, 1969. URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/autres_textes_de_la_prospective/autres_ouvrages_numerises/le-langage-de-la-prevision-f-hetman.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Inayatullah Sohail (ed.), The Causal Layered Analysis Reader: Theory and Case Studies of an Integrative and Transformative Methodology, Tamsui, Taiwan: Tamkang University Press, 2004.
Inayatullah Sohail and Milojević Ivana, CLA 2.0: Transformative Research in Theory and Practice, Tamsui, Taiwan: Tamkang University Press, 2015.
Jantsch Erich, La Prévision technologique/Technological Forecasting in Perspective, Paris: OECD, 1967, 440 p. URL: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2d49d975dbf6b96faa1e60f162f57eee6ec7174b. Accessed December 20, 2023.
Jouvenel Bertrand (de), L’Art de la conjecture, Monaco: éditions du Rocher, 1964 / Paris: SÉDÉIS, Futuribles, 1972, 385 p. (English translation: The Art of Conjecture, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967). URL: https://www.futuribles.com/lart-de-la-conjecture/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Kahane Adam, Transformative Scenario Planning: Working Together to Change the Future, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2012, 126 p.
Kim W. Chan and Mauborgne Renée, Blue Ocean Strategy, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015, 317 p.
Kuosa Tuomo, The Evolution of Strategic Foresight: Navigating Public Policy Making, New York: Routledge/Gower, 2012, 288 p.
Le Moigne Philippe, Modélisation des systèmes complexes, Paris: Dunod, 1999.
Leontief Wassily W., The Future of World Economy: A United Nations Study, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976, 118 p.
Lesourne Jacques, Les Systèmes du destin, Paris: Dalloz, 1976, 449 p, URL: https://www.futuribles.com/les-systemes-du-destin-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Lesourne Jacques, Les Mille Sentiers de l’avenir, Paris: Seghers, 1981, 372 p.
Massé Pierre, Le Plan ou l’anti-hasard, Paris: Gallimard, 1965, 200 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/le-plan-ou-lanti-hasard/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Meadows Donella & Dennis, Randers Jørgen, Behrens (III) William W., The Limits to Growth, New York: Universe Books, 1972. URL : https://www.futuribles.com/the-limits-to-growth-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Miller Riel, Transforming the Future: Anticipation in the 21st Century, Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2018, 276 p.
Rifkin Jeremy, The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, 330 p.
Rosnay Joël (de), Le Macroscope. Vers une vision globale, Paris: Seuil (Points Series), 1975, 305 p. (English translation: The Macroscope: A New World Scientific System, New York: Harper and Row, 1979).
Schwartz Peter, The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World, London: Doubleday Currency, 1991, 258 p.
Taleb Nassim Nicholas, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, New York: Random House, 2007, 400 p.
Taleb Nassim Nicholas, Antifragile: Things That Gain From Disorder, New York: Random House, 2012, 519 p.
Tetlock Philip E. and Gardner Dan, Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction, New York: Crown Publishers, 2015, 340 p.
Toffler Alvin, Future Shock, New York: Bantam Books, 1970, 561 p.
Van der Heijden Kees, Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation, New York: Wiley, 1996, 305 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/scenarios-the-art-of-strategic-conversation-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Von Bertalanffy Ludwig, General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications, New York: George Braziller, 1968, 295 p. URL: http://static1.squarespace.com/static/5657eb54e4b022a250fc2de4/t/566f9de51c12100c114569cf/1450155493052/1968_Von+Bertalanffy_General+System+Theory.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Wilkinson Angela, Strategic Foresight Primer, Brussels: European Political Strategy Centre, November 2017. URL: https://cor.europa.eu/Documents/Migrated/Events/EPSC_strategic_foresight_primer.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2022.
A more comprehensive bibliography on foresight
and , Futures, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, 576 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/futures/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Andersson Jenny, The Future of the World: Futurology, Futurists, and the Struggle for the Post-Cold War Imagination, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018, 288 p.
Amar Georges, “Prospective conceptive : pour un futur ouvert. Approche théorique et illustration dans le monde du transport”, Futuribles, no. 404, January 2015, pp. 17-27. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/prospective-conceptive-pour-un-futur-ouvert-approc/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Armand Louis and Drancourt Michel, Plaidoyer pour l’avenir, Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1961.
AXA, Powering Fast Forward Thinking: The AXA 2019 Foresight Trendbook, January 31, 2019. URL: https://www.axa.com/fr/presse/publications/2019-foresight-trendbook. Accessed September 19, 2022.
AXA, AXA Future Risks Report, October 1, 2020. URL: https://www.axa.com/fr/presse/publications/rapport-risques-futurs-2020. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Barel Yves, Prospective et analyse de systèmes, Paris: La documentation Française (Travaux et recherches de prospective Series, no. 14), 1971, 174 p. URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/trp/prospective-et-analyse-systeme-trp-14-barel-1971.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Baumard Philippe, Prospective à l’usage du manager, Paris: Litec (Les Essentiels de la gestion), 1996.
Bell Wendell, Foundations of Futures Studies: Human Science for a New Era: History, Purposes, and Knowledge, Volumes I and II, Piscataway, New Jersey: Transaction, 1996.
Berger Gaston, Étapes de la prospective, Paris: PUF, 1967, 343 p., URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/texte_fondamentaux/cahier_prospective/cahier-3-les-etapes-de-la-prospective.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Bishop Peter and Hines Andy, Thinking about the Future: Guidelines for Strategic Foresight, ed. Social Technologies, 2007, 377 p.
Bland Jessica and Westlake Stian, Don’t Stop Thinking about Tomorrow: A Modest Defence of Futurology, London: Nesta, 2013, 24 p. URL: https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/dont-stop-thinking-about-tomorrow-a-modest-defence-of-futurology/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Burmeister Klaus et Neef Andreas (sous la dir. de), In the Long Run, Munich : Oekom, 2005, 192 p.
Cahen Philippe, Signaux faibles. Mode d’emploi, Paris: ed. d’Organisation (Prospective Series), 2010, 164 p.
Cahen Philippe, Le Marketing de l’incertain. Méthode agile de prospective par les signaux faibles et les scénarios dynamiques, Paris: Éditions Kawa, 2011, 152 p.
Cahen Philippe, Méthode & Pratiques de la prospective par les signaux faibles. Détecter, libérer, créer le futur, Paris: Éditions Kawa, 2018, 130 p.
Cassingena Harper Jennifer, Impact of Technology Foresight, London: Nesta, 2013. URL: https://www.nesta.org.uk/report/impact-of-technology-foresight/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Cazes Bernard, Histoire des futurs. Les figures de l’avenir de saint Augustin au XXIe siècle, Paris: L’Harmattan (Prospective Series), 2008.
Cetron Marvin J., Lenz Ralph C. and Roberts Edward B., Technological Forecasting: A Practical Approach, New York: Gordon and Breach, 1969. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/technological-forecasting-a-practical-approach-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
CGP (Commissariat général du Plan), Réflexions pour 1985, Paris: CGP, 1964. URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/texte_fondamentaux/reflexions-pour-1985-cgp-1964.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Chermack Thomas, Scenario Planning in Organizations: How to Create, Use, and Assess Scenarios, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2011.
Christensen Clayton, The Innovator’s Dilemma, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1997, 225 p.
Coates Joseph and Jarratt Jennifer, What Futurists Believe, Bethesda, Maryland: World Future Society, 1987, 335 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/what-futurists-believe-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Collectif, De la vision à l’action. Vade Mecum du management stratégique, Paris: éditions EMS, 2001.
Cooper Richard N. and Layard Richard, What the Future Holds: Insights from Social Science, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Press, 2002, 285 p.
Cornish Edward, The Study of the Future: An Introduction to the Art and Science of Understanding and Shaping Tomorrow’s World, New York: Routledge, 1977, 308 p.
Cornish Edward, Futuring: The Exploration of the Future, Bethesda, Maryland: World Future Society, 2004, 313 p.
Courson Jacques (de), L’Appétit du futur. Voyage au cœur de la prospective, Paris: Éditions Charles Léopold Mayer, 2005, 121 p.
Courson Jacques (de), La Prospective des territoires. Concepts, méthodes, résultats, Lyon: Certu, 1999, 124 p.
Crozier Michel and Friedberg Erhard, L’Acteur et le système. Les contraintes de l’action collective, Paris: Seuil, 1977, 436 p. (English translation: Actors and Systems: The Politics of Collective Action, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980).
DATAR (Délégation à l’aménagement du territoire et à l’action régionale), La Méthode des scénarios. Une réflexion sur la démarche et la théorie de la prospective, Paris: La documentation Française (Travaux et recherches de prospective Series, no. 59), June 1975, 133 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-methode-des-scenarios-une-reflexion-sur-la-dema/. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Dator Jim, A Noticer in Time: Selected Book 1967-2018, New York: Springer, 2019, 473 p.
Delamarre Aliette, La Prospective territoriale, Paris: DATAR, La documentation Française, 2002.
Deluermoz Quentin and Singaravélou Pierre, Pour une histoire des possibles. Analyses contrefactuelles et futurs non advenus, Paris: Seuil, 2016, 448 p.
Dreyer Iana and Stang Gerald, with Richard Carole, “Foresight in Governments: Practices and Trends around the World”, Yearbook of European Security, 2013. URL: https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2.1_Foresight_in_governments.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Durance Philippe (ed.), La Prospective stratégique en action. Bilan et perspectives d’une indiscipline intellectuelle, Paris: Odile Jacob, 2014.
Forward Thinking Platform, A Glossary of Terms commonly used in Futures Studies, 2014. URL: http://foresightcanada.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Glossary_Full_FTP_2014-GFAR.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Futuribles International, Foresight and Prospective Toolbox, regular releases since 2017. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-prospective/methodes-et-outils/la-toolbox/. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Gabilliet Philippe, Savoir anticiper. Les outils pour maîtrise son futur, Paris: ESF ed. (Formation permanente Series), 1999.
Gaudin Thierry (ed.), 2100, récit du prochain siècle, Paris: Payot, 1993.
Gauthier Thomas and Hanifa Vanessa, Prospective. Anticiper, décider et agir dans l’incertitude, Lausanne: École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2020.
GCPSE (Global Centre for Public Service Excellence), Foresight Manual: Empowered Futures for the 2030 Agenda, Singapore: GCPSE / UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), 2018. URL: https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/UNDP_ForesightManual_2018.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Georghiou Luke, Cassingena Harper Jennifer, Keenan Michael, Miles Ian and Popper Rafael, The Handbook of Technology Foresight: Concepts and Practices, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2008.
Gidley Jennifer M., The Future: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, 184 p.
Giget Marc, La Dynamique stratégique de l’entreprise, Paris: Dunod, 1998, 346 p.
Glenn Jerome C. and Gordon Theodore J., Futures Research Methodology version 3.0, New York: American Council for the United Nations University, 2009.
Godet Michel, Manuel de prospective stratégique, 3rd edition, 2 volumes: 1. « Une indiscipline intellectuelle »; 2. « L’art et la méthode », Paris: Dunod, 1997, republished and expanded in 2007. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/manuel-de-prospective-strategique-tome-1-une-indis/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
GOS (Government Office for Science), The Futures Toolkit: Tools for Futures Thinking and Foresight Across UK Government, édition 1.0, London, November 2017. URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/674209/futures-toolkit-edition-1.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Gosselin Derrick and Tindemans Bruno, Traceurs d’avenir. L’art d’anticiper l’imprévisible, Paris: éditions Racine Lannoo, 2011.
Guivarch Céline and Rozenberg Julie, “Produire des scénarios par centaines : vers un renouvellement des approches prospectives ?”, Analyse prospective, no. 148, December 27, 2013, Futuribles International. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/produire-des-scenarios-par-centaines/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Hamel Gary and Prahalad C.K., Competing for the Future, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 1995, 384 p. URL: https://hbr.org/1994/07/competing-for-the-future. Accessed December 20, 2023.
Hatem Fabrice, La Prospective. Pratiques et méthodes, Paris: Economica (Gestion), 1993, 385 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-prospective-pratiques-et-methodes-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Hetman François, Le Langage de la prévision/The Language of Forecasting, Paris: Futuribles / SÉDÉIS, 1969. URL: http://www.laprospective.fr/dyn/francais/memoire/autres_textes_de_la_prospective/autres_ouvrages_numerises/le-langage-de-la-prevision-f-hetman.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2023.
Hérault Bruno, “Retour sur l’exercice de prospective Interfuturs (1979)”, Futuribles, no. 396, September-October 2013, pp. 81-90. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/retour-sur-lexercice-de-prospective-interfuturs-19/. Accessed September 19, 2023.
Inayatullah Sohail (ed.), The Causal Layered Analysis Reader: Theory and Case Studies of an Integrative and Transformative Methodology, Tamsui, Taiwan: Tamkang University Press, 2004.
Inayatullah Sohail and Milojević Ivana, CLA 2.0: Transformative Research in Theory and Practice, Tamsui, Taiwan: Tamkang University Press, 2015.
Jantsch Erich, La Prévision technologique/Technological Forecasting in Perspective, Paris: OECD, 1967, 440 p. URL: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=2d49d975dbf6b96faa1e60f162f57eee6ec7174b. Accessed December 20, 2023.
Jouvenel Bertrand (de), L’Art de la conjecture, Monaco: éditions du Rocher, 1964 / Paris: SÉDÉIS, Futuribles, 1972, 385 p. (English translation: The Art of Conjecture, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967). URL: https://www.futuribles.com/lart-de-la-conjecture/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Jouvenel Hugues (de), Invitation à la prospective/An invitation to Foresight, Paris: Futuribles (Perspectives Series), 2004, 85 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/invitation-a-la-prospective/. Accessed September 16, 2022.
Jouvenel Hugues (de), “La démarche prospective. Un bref guide méthodologique”, Futuribles, no. 247, November 1999, pp. 47-68. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/la-demarche-prospective-un-bref-guide-methodologiq/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Jouvenel Hugues (de) and Roque Maria-Angel, La Catalogne à l’horizon 2010, Paris: Economica, 1994, 329 p.
Kahane Adam, Transformative Scenario Planning: Working Together to Change the Future, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2012, 126 p.
Kim W. Chan and Mauborgne Renée, Blue Ocean Strategy, Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2015, 317 p.
Klein Gérard, “L’invention de l’avenir : prospective et science-fiction”, Futuribles, no. 413, July-August 2016, pp. 29-52, URL: https://www.futuribles.com/linvention-de-lavenir-prospective-et-science-ficti/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Kosow Hannah and Gaßner Robert, “Methods of Future and Scenario Analysis: Overview, Assessment, and Selection Criteria”, Bonn: German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE). URL: https://www.idos-research.de/studies/article/methods-of-future-and-scenario-analysis-overview-assessment-and-selection-criteria/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Le Moigne Philippe, Modélisation des systèmes complexes, Paris: Dunod, 1999.
Lempert Robert J., Popper Steven and Bankes Steven C., Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis, Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 2003, 187 p.
Leontief Wassily W., The Future of World Economy: A United Nations Study, New York: Oxford University Press, 1976, 118 p.
Lesourne Jacques, Les Systèmes du destin, Paris: Dalloz, 1976, 449 p, URL: https://www.futuribles.com/les-systemes-du-destin-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Lesourne Jacques, Les Mille Sentiers de l’avenir, Paris: Seghers, 1981, 372 p.
Lesourne Jacques, Les Chemins de l’avenir, une approche pragmatique. Les humains, les États, le monde, Paris: Odile Jacob, 2017, 336 p.
Lesourne Jacques and Stoffaës Christian (ed.), La Prospective stratégique d’entreprise : de la réflexion à l’action, Paris: Dunod, 2001, 406 p.
Lindgren Mats and Bandhold Hans., Scenario Planning: The Link Between Future and Strategy, revised and expanded edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
Madinier Philippe, Rétrospective critique sur un demi-siècle de prévisions économiques, Paris: Futuribles (Travaux et recherches de prospective Series no. 26), October 2005, 114 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/retrospective-critique-sur-un-demi-siecle-de-previ/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Martino Joseph P., Technological Forecasting for Decision Making, New York: American Elsevier Comp., 1972.
Masini Eleonora, Why Futures Studies?, London: Grey Seal, 1993, 144 p.
Massé Pierre, Le Plan ou l’anti-hasard, Paris: Gallimard, 1965, 200 p. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/le-plan-ou-lanti-hasard-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Masson Anthony, Minvielle Nicolas and Wathelet Olivier, Jouer avec les futurs. Utiliser le design fiction pour faire pivoter votre entreprise, London: Pearson Education, 2016, 249 p.
Meadows Donatella & Dennis, Randers Jørgen, Behrens (III) William W., The Limits to Growth, New York: Universe Books, 1972. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/the-limits-to-growth-2/. Accessed May 4, 2023.
Mićić Pero, Das ZukunftsRadar. Die wichtigsten Trends, Technologien und Themen für die Zukunft, Offenbach: Gabal Management, 2006, 355 p.
Miller Riel, Transforming the Future: Anticipation in the 21st Century, Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, 2018, 276 p.
Minvielle Nicolas and Whatelet Olivier, “Le design fiction. Une méthode pour explorer les futurs et construire l’avenir ?”, Futuribles, no. 421, November-December 2017, pp. 69-83. URL: https://www.futuribles.com/le-design-fiction-une-methode-pour-explorer-les-fu/. Accessed September 19, 2022.
Morin Edgar, La Méthode. La nature de la nature, Paris: Seuil, 1977, 386 p. (English translation: Method: Towards a Study of Humankind: The Nature of Nature, New York: Peter Lang, 1992).
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